it necessary to thus invade heterosexual strongholds, and even stranger that the nudists of St. Tropez could not find their own means of coping with the problem. Now, apparently, everything is ruined for everybody.

SEX AND MURDER

"The two most common reasons for murder are are sex and money, with sex leading the way." This statement came from a man who should know-namely, Clinton T. Duffy, for many years Warden at San Quentin, whose recently published book, SEX AND CRIME, with Al Hirshberg as co-author, was condensed through a number of last month's issues of the SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE.

The book covers many facets of this subject, including homosexual murder, which, the authors write, "is more universal than people realize, for the press, in interests of good taste, keeps it concealed from the public. A case without the involvement of a woman thus appears to have no sex significance, yet really has no other. This is particularly true when one prison inmate kills another, for it is almost always a murder for jealousy, for envy, or for any of the other emotions commonly associated with carnal love. Homosexual affections can inspire the same passions as normal affections, and bring on comparable results." Instances are cited of a number of prison "romances" which have resulted in homicide.

The general problem of sexfrustration in prisons has, of course, received the continuing attention of penologists and psychiatrists for a great many years, and Duffy and Hirshberg also give this problem extensive treatment as the the

cause of most prison mutinies and escape-attempts. Mississippi is

cited as having by far the lowest incidence of such occurrences, and also as the only State which permits regular conjugal visits between prison inmates and their wives. Duffy sees a strong, if not an absolute, correlation between these circumstances, and believes all penal institutions would benefit by inaugurating similar systems. As for escapees in particular, apparently a considerable proportion of those captured explain their their inability "to stand a world attempt exclusively in terms of without women any longer." Also, say the authors, many otherwisestable marriages end in ruin through the protracted separation of the inmate-husband from his spouse.

But, "it's not so hard for the homosexuals," they go on to say, "for although they are troublemakers, constantly getting into fights over the objects of their affection, they can often find relief. They seldom try to break out of prison unless they have a 'sweetheart' outside." Figures given suggest that regularly-practicing, committed homosexuals run about 30% of total population in a prison such as San Quentin at least three times higher than in the male population at large. The authors do not appear to share the common view that most heterosexual prisoners, if converted to homosexual practices in prison, readily revert to heterosexual practices again upon release. On the contrary, they speak of the "not infrequent transformation from heterosexual to homosexual preferences," where "many . . . men become so used to a male sex partner that they can't resume a normal relationship when the time comes."

where "many

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